# BEGIN HTML5 Boilerplate # Apache Server Configs v2.7.1 | MIT License # https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache # (!) Using `.htaccess` files slows down Apache, therefore, if you have access # to the main server config file (usually called `httpd.conf`), you should add # this logic there: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/howto/htaccess.html. # ############################################################################## # # CROSS-ORIGIN RESOURCE SHARING (CORS) # # ############################################################################## # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Cross-domain requests | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Allow cross-origin requests. # http://enable-cors.org/ # http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/ # https://code.google.com/p/html5security/wiki/CrossOriginRequestSecurity # # Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" # # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - # By default allow cross-origin access to web fonts. Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | CORS-enabled images | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Send the CORS header for images when browsers request it. # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/CORS_enabled_image # http://blog.chromium.org/2011/07/using-cross-domain-images-in-webgl-and.html # http://hacks.mozilla.org/2011/11/using-cors-to-load-webgl-textures-from-cross-domain-images/ SetEnvIf Origin ":" IS_CORS Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" env=IS_CORS # ############################################################################## # # ERRORS # # ############################################################################## # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | 404 error prevention | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Disable the pattern matching based on filenames. # This setting prevents Apache from returning a 404 error as the result # of a rewrite when the directory with the same name does not exist. # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/content-negotiation.html#multiviews # http://www.webmasterworld.com/apache/3808792.htm Options -MultiViews # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Custom error messages / pages | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Customize what Apache returns to the client in case of an error. # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#errordocument ErrorDocument 404 /404/ # ############################################################################## # # INTERNET EXPLORER # # ############################################################################## # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Better website experience | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Force Internet Explorer to render pages in the highest available # mode in the various cases when it may not. # https://hsivonen.fi/doctype/#ie8 Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=edge" # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however, this header # should be send only for HTML documents and not for the other resources Header unset X-UA-Compatible # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Cookie setting from iframes | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Allow cookies to be set from iframes in Internet Explorer. # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537343.aspx # http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/CR-P3P-20001215/ # # Header set P3P "policyref=\"/w3c/p3p.xml\", CP=\"IDC DSP COR ADM DEVi TAIi PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONi HIS OUR IND CNT\"" # # ############################################################################## # # MEDIA TYPES AND CHARACTER ENCODINGS # # ############################################################################## # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Media types | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Serve resources with the proper media types (formerly known as MIME types). # http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml # Audio AddType audio/mp4 f4a f4b m4a AddType audio/ogg oga ogg opus # Data interchange AddType application/json json map topojson AddType application/ld+json jsonld AddType application/vnd.geo+json geojson # JavaScript # Normalize to standard type. # http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4329#section-7.2 AddType application/javascript js # Manifest files # If you are providing a web application manifest file (see the # specification: http://w3c.github.io/manifest/), it is recommended # that you serve it with the `application/manifest+json` media type. # # Because the web application manifest file doesn't have its own # unique file extension, you can set its media type either by matching: # # 1) the exact location of the file (this can be done using a directive # such as ``, but it will NOT work in the `.htaccess` file, # so you will have to do it in the main server configuration file or # inside of a `` container) # # e.g.: # # # AddType application/manifest+json json # # # 2) the filename (this can be problematic as you will need to ensure # that you don't have any other file with the same name as the one # you gave to your web application manifest file) # # e.g.: # # # AddType application/manifest+json json # AddType application/x-web-app-manifest+json webapp AddType text/cache-manifest appcache manifest # Video AddType video/mp4 f4v f4p m4v mp4 AddType video/ogg ogv AddType video/webm webm AddType video/x-flv flv # Web fonts AddType application/font-woff woff AddType application/font-woff2 woff2 AddType application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot # Browsers usually ignore the font media types and simply sniff # the bytes to figure out the font type. # http://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/#matching-a-font-type-pattern # Chrome however, shows a warning if any other media types are used # for the following two font types. AddType application/x-font-ttf ttc ttf AddType font/opentype otf AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz # Other AddType application/octet-stream safariextz AddType application/x-chrome-extension crx AddType application/x-opera-extension oex AddType application/x-xpinstall xpi AddType application/xml atom rdf rss xml AddType image/webp webp AddType image/x-icon cur ico AddType text/vtt vtt AddType text/x-component htc AddType text/x-vcard vcf # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Character encodings | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Set `UTF-8` as the character encoding for all resources served with # the media type of `text/html` or `text/plain`. AddDefaultCharset utf-8 # Set `UTF-8` as the character encoding for other certain resources. AddCharset utf-8 .atom \ .css \ .geojson \ .js \ .json \ .jsonld \ .rss \ .topojson \ .vtt \ .webapp \ .xml # ############################################################################## # # URL REWRITES # # ############################################################################## # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Rewrite engine | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # (1) Turn on the rewrite engine # (this is necessary in order for the `RewriteRule` directives to work). # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteEngine # # (2) Enable the `FollowSymLinks` option if it isn't already. # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#options # # (3) If your web host doesn't allow the `FollowSymlinks` option, you may # need to comment it out and use `Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch`, but # be aware of the performance impact. # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/misc/perf-tuning.html#symlinks # # (4) Some cloud hosting services will also require `RewriteBase` to be set. # http://www.rackspace.com/knowledge_center/frequently-asked-question/why-is-modrewrite-not-working-on-my-site # # (5) Depending on how your server is set up, you may need to use the # `RewriteOptions` directive to enable some options for the rewrite engine. # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriteoptions # (1) RewriteEngine On # (2) Options +FollowSymlinks # (3) # Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch # (4) # RewriteBase / # (5) # RewriteOptions # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Suppressing / Forcing the `www.` at the beginning of URLs | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # The same content should never be available under two different URLs, # especially not with and without `www.` at the beginning. This can cause # SEO problems (duplicate content), and therefore, you should choose one # of the alternatives and redirect the other one. # By default `Option 1` (no `www.`) is activated. # http://no-www.org/faq.php?q=class_b # If you would prefer to use `Option 2`, just comment out all the lines # from `Option 1` and uncomment the ones from `Option 2`. # IMPORTANT: NEVER USE BOTH RULES AT THE SAME TIME! # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - # Option 1: rewrite www.example.com → example.com RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC] RewriteRule ^ http://%1%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - # Option 2: rewrite example.com → www.example.com # Be aware that the following might not be a good idea if you use "real" # subdomains for certain parts of your website. # # RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on # RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. [NC] # RewriteCond %{SERVER_ADDR} !=127.0.0.1 # RewriteCond %{SERVER_ADDR} !=::1 # RewriteRule ^ http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] # # ############################################################################## # # SECURITY # # ############################################################################## # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Clickjacking | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Protect website against clickjacking. # The example below sends the `X-Frame-Options` response header with the value # `DENY`, informing browsers not to display the web page content in any frame. # This might not be the best setting for everyone. You should read about the # other two possible values for `X-Frame-Options`: `SAMEORIGIN` & `ALLOW-FROM`. # http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034#section-2.1 # Keep in mind that while you could send the `X-Frame-Options` header for all # of your site’s pages, this has the potential downside that it forbids even # non-malicious framing of your content (e.g.: when users visit your site using # a Google Image Search results page). # Nonetheless, you should ensure that you send the `X-Frame-Options` header for # all pages that allow a user to make a state changing operation (e.g: pages # that contain one-click purchase links, checkout or bank-transfer confirmation # pages, pages that make permanent configuration changes, etc.). # Sending the `X-Frame-Options` header can also protect your website against # more than just clickjacking attacks: https://cure53.de/xfo-clickjacking.pdf. # http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034 # http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2010/03/30/combating-clickjacking-with-x-frame-options.aspx # https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Clickjacking # # Header set X-Frame-Options "DENY" # # Header unset X-Frame-Options # # # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Content Security Policy (CSP) | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Mitigate the risk of cross-site scripting and other content-injection attacks. # This can be done by setting a `Content Security Policy` which whitelists # trusted sources of content for your website. # The example header below allows ONLY scripts that are loaded from the current # site's origin (no inline scripts, no CDN, etc). This almost certainly won't # work as-is for your site! # For more details on how to craft a reasonable policy for your site, read: # http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/content-security-policy/ (or # the specification: http://www.w3.org/TR/CSP11/). Also, to make things easier, # you can use an online CSP header generator such as: http://cspisawesome.com/. # # Header set Content-Security-Policy "script-src 'self'; object-src 'self'" # # Header unset Content-Security-Policy # # # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | File access | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Block access to directories without a default document. # You should leave the following uncommented, as you shouldn't allow anyone to # surf through every directory on your server (which may includes rather private # places such as the CMS's directories). Options -Indexes # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - # Block access to all hidden files and directories with the exception of the # visible content from within the `/.well-known/` hidden directory. # These types of files usually contain user preferences or the preserved state # of an utility, and can include rather private places like, for example, the # `.git` or `.svn` directories. # The `/.well-known/` directory represents the standard (RFC 5785) path prefix # for "well-known locations" (e.g.: `/.well-known/manifest.json`, # `/.well-known/keybase.txt`), and therefore, access to its visible content # should not be blocked. # https://www.mnot.net/blog/2010/04/07/well-known # http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5785 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} "!(^|/)\.well-known/([^./]+./?)+$" [NC] RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -d [OR] RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -f RewriteRule "(^|/)\." - [F] # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - # Block access to files that can expose sensitive information. # By default, block access to backup and source files that may be left by some # text editors and can pose a security risk when anyone has access to them. # http://feross.org/cmsploit/ # IMPORTANT: Update the `` regular expression from below to include # any files that might end up on your production server and can expose sensitive # information about your website. These files may include: configuration files, # files that contain metadata about the project (e.g.: project dependencies), # build scripts, etc.. # Apache < 2.3 Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy All # Apache ≥ 2.3 Require all denied # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Reducing MIME type security risks | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Prevent some browsers from MIME-sniffing the response. # This reduces exposure to drive-by download attacks and cross-origin data # leaks, and should be left uncommented, especially if the web server is # serving user-uploaded content or content that could potentially be treated # as executable by the browser. # http://www.slideshare.net/hasegawayosuke/owasp-hasegawa # http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-v-comprehensive-protection.aspx # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/gg622941.aspx # http://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/ Header set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # (1) Try to re-enable the Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) filter built into the # most recent web browsers. # # The filter is usually enabled by default, but in some cases it may be # disabled by the user. However, in Internet Explorer for example, it can # be re-enabled just by sending the `X-XSS-Protection` header with the # value of `1`. # # (2) Prevent web browsers from rendering the web page if a potential reflected # (a.k.a non-persistent) XSS attack is detected by the filter. # # By default, if the filter is enabled and browsers detect a reflected # XSS attack, they will attempt to block the attack by making the smallest # possible modifications to the returned web page. # # Unfortunately, in some browsers (e.g.: Internet Explorer), this default # behavior may allow the XSS filter to be exploited, thereby, it's better # to tell browsers to prevent the rendering of the page altogether, instead # of attempting to modify it. # # http://hackademix.net/2009/11/21/ies-xss-filter-creates-xss-vulnerabilities # # IMPORTANT: Do not rely on the XSS filter to prevent XSS attacks! Ensure that # you are taking all possible measures to prevent XSS attacks, the most obvious # being: validating and sanitizing your site's inputs. # # http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-iv-the-xss-filter.aspx # http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2011/01/31/controlling-the-internet-explorer-xss-filter-with-the-x-xss-protection-http-header.aspx # https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-site_Scripting_%28XSS%29 # # # (1) (2) # Header set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" # # Header unset X-XSS-Protection # # # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Rewrite secure requests properly in order to prevent SSL certificate warnings. # E.g.: prevent `https://www.example.com` when your certificate only allows # `https://secure.example.com`. # # RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^443 # RewriteRule ^ https://example-domain-please-change-me.com%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] # # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Force client-side SSL redirection. # If a user types `example.com` in his browser, the above rule will redirect # him to the secure version of the site. That still leaves a window of # opportunity (the initial HTTP connection) for an attacker to downgrade or # redirect the request. # The following header ensures that browser will ONLY connect to your server # via HTTPS, regardless of what the users type in the address bar. # http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-strict-transport-sec-14#section-6.1 # http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/transport-layer-security/ # IMPORTANT: Remove the `includeSubDomains` optional directive if the subdomains # are not using HTTPS. # # Header set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=16070400; includeSubDomains" # # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Server software information | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Avoid displaying the exact Apache version number, the description of the # generic OS-type and the information about Apache's compiled-in modules. # IMPORTANT: The `ServerTokens` directive will not work in the `.htaccess` file, # so you will need to add the following in the main server configuration file. # ServerTokens Prod # ############################################################################## # # WEB PERFORMANCE # # ############################################################################## # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Compression | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Force compression for mangled headers. # https://developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/pushing-beyond-gzipping-25601.html SetEnvIfNoCase ^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)\s*,?\s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding "gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - # Mark certain resources as been compressed in order to: # # 1) prevent Apache from recompressing them # 2) ensure that they are served with the correct # `Content-Encoding` HTTP response header AddEncoding gzip svgz # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - # Compress all output labeled with one of the following media types. # IMPORTANT: For Apache versions below 2.3.7 you don't need to enable # `mod_filter` and can remove the `` & `` # lines as `AddOutputFilterByType` is still in the core directives. AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE "application/atom+xml" \ "application/javascript" \ "application/json" \ "application/ld+json" \ "application/manifest+json" \ "application/rss+xml" \ "application/vnd.geo+json" \ "application/vnd.ms-fontobject" \ "application/x-font-ttf" \ "application/x-web-app-manifest+json" \ "application/xhtml+xml" \ "application/xml" \ "font/opentype" \ "image/svg+xml" \ "image/x-icon" \ "text/cache-manifest" \ "text/css" \ "text/html" \ "text/plain" \ "text/vtt" \ "text/x-component" \ "text/xml" # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Content transformation | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Prevent mobile network providers from modifying the website's content. # http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.9.5. # # Header merge Cache-Control "no-transform" # # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | ETags | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Remove `ETags` as resources are sent with far-future expires headers. # https://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#etags # `FileETag None` doesn't work in all cases. Header unset ETag FileETag None # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Expires headers | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Serve resources with far-future expires headers. # IMPORTANT: If you don't control versioning with filename-based cache # busting, consider lowering the cache times to something like one week. ExpiresActive on ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 month" # CSS ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 year" # Data interchange ExpiresByType application/json "access plus 0 seconds" ExpiresByType application/ld+json "access plus 0 seconds" ExpiresByType application/vnd.geo+json "access plus 0 seconds" ExpiresByType application/xml "access plus 0 seconds" ExpiresByType text/xml "access plus 0 seconds" # Favicon (cannot be renamed!) and cursor images ExpiresByType image/x-icon "access plus 1 week" # HTML components (HTCs) ExpiresByType text/x-component "access plus 1 month" # HTML ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 0 seconds" # JavaScript ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 year" # Manifest files ExpiresByType application/manifest+json "access plus 1 year" ExpiresByType application/x-web-app-manifest+json "access plus 0 seconds" ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest "access plus 0 seconds" # Media ExpiresByType audio/ogg "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType video/mp4 "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType video/ogg "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType video/webm "access plus 1 month" # Web feeds ExpiresByType application/atom+xml "access plus 1 hour" ExpiresByType application/rss+xml "access plus 1 hour" # Web fonts ExpiresByType application/font-woff "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType application/font-woff2 "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType application/x-font-ttf "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType font/opentype "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType image/svg+xml "access plus 1 month" # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Filename-based cache busting | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # If you're not using a build process to manage your filename version revving, # you might want to consider enabling the following directives to route all # requests such as `/css/style.12345.css` to `/css/style.css`. # To understand why this is important and a better idea than `*.css?v231`, read: # http://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring/ # # RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f # RewriteRule ^(.+)\.(\d+)\.(css|cur|gif|ico|jpe?g|js|png|svgz?|webp)$ $1.$3 [L] # # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | File concatenation | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Allow concatenation from within specific files. # e.g.: # # If you have the following lines in a file called, for example, # `main.combined.js`: # # # # # Apache will replace those lines with the content of the specified files. # # # # Options +Includes # AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES application/javascript # SetOutputFilter INCLUDES # # # # Options +Includes # AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES text/css # SetOutputFilter INCLUDES # # # # END HTML5 Boilerplate # Rewrite post urls RewriteBase / # redirect all index.html to parent folder RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^(.*/)index\.html$ [NC] RewriteRule . %1 [R=301,NE,L] # redirect to leading trailing slash RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !(.*)/$ RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://%{HTTP_HOST}/$1/ [L,R=301] # Remove date from post permalinks RedirectMatch 301 ^/([0-9]+)/([0-9]+)/(.*)$ /$3 # Old Content Redirects Redirect 301 /lab http://lab.kremalicious.com Redirect 301 /csspaperstack /lab/csspaperstack Redirect 301 /download /media Redirect 301 /portfolio http://matthiaskretschmann.com