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@ -10,25 +10,27 @@ learn: >
- What the individual components in a transaction represent - What the individual components in a transaction represent
- What a CREATE transaction is - What a `CREATE` transaction is
- What a TRANSFER transaction is - What a `TRANSFER` transaction is
--- ---
# About our transaction model # About our transaction model
The first thing to understand about BigchainDB is how we structure our data. Traditional SQL databases structure data in tables. NoSQL databases extend that by using other formats to structure data (e.g. JSON, key-values etc.). At BigchainDB, we structure data as assets. Our key principle is that everything can be represented as an asset. An asset can characterize any physical or digital object that you can think of (e.g. a car, a house, a data set or an intellectual property right). The first thing to understand about BigchainDB is how we structure our data. Traditional SQL databases structure data in tables. NoSQL databases extend that by using other formats to structure data (e.g. JSON, key-values etc.). At BigchainDB, we structure data as assets. Our key principle is that everything can be represented as an asset. An asset can characterize any physical or digital object that you can think of (e.g. a car, a house, a data set or an intellectual property right).
These assets can be registered on BigchainDB by users in CREATE transactions and transferred (or updated) to other users in TRANSFER transactions.
These assets can be registered on BigchainDB by users in `CREATE` transactions and transferred (or updated) to other users in `TRANSFER` transactions.
While traditionally, we design applications focusing on business processes (e.g. apps for booking & processing client orders, apps for tracking delivery of products etc.), in BigchainDB we don’t focus on processes, but on assets (e.g. a client order can be an asset that is then tracked across its entire lifecycle). This switch in perspective from a process-centric towards an asset-centric view influences much of how we build applications. While traditionally, we design applications focusing on business processes (e.g. apps for booking & processing client orders, apps for tracking delivery of products etc.), in BigchainDB we don’t focus on processes, but on assets (e.g. a client order can be an asset that is then tracked across its entire lifecycle). This switch in perspective from a process-centric towards an asset-centric view influences much of how we build applications.
# Visualization of our transaction model # Visualization of our transaction model
This infographic will help you understanding what CREATE and TRANSFER transactions are and what the individual components of a transaction represent (inputs, outputs, assets, metadata etc.). We will be using a simple real-life example: Martina digitally registers her bicycle on BigchainDB in a CREATE transaction and after some time transfers this bicycle to Stefan in a TRANSFER transaction. This infographic will help you understanding what `CREATE` and `TRANSFER` transactions are and what the individual components of a transaction represent (inputs, outputs, assets, metadata etc.). We will be using a simple real-life example: Martina digitally registers her bicycle on BigchainDB in a `CREATE` transaction and after some time transfers this bicycle to Stefan in a `TRANSFER` transaction.
Every concept that we describe (e.g. inputs, outputs etc.) has a more detailed description in the subsequent sections. Every concept that we describe (e.g. inputs, outputs etc.) has a more detailed description in the subsequent sections.
![](../diagram.svg) ![](../diagram.svg)
The data model of transactions is explained in our [transaction model.](https://docs.bigchaindb.com/projects/server/en/latest/data-models/transaction-model.html) The data model of transactions is explained in our [transaction model](https://docs.bigchaindb.com/projects/server/en/latest/data-models/transaction-model.html).
# Asset # Asset
@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ An asset can also represent a token. BigchainDB supports divisible assets. This
### An asset as a versioned document ### An asset as a versioned document
An asset can also be a versioned document with the version state in the metadata field. The version of this document can be updated on a continuous base. Every time there is a new version of the document, it could be reflected in the metadata. For further information refer to our [blog.](https://blog.bigchaindb.com/crab-create-retrieve-append-burn-b9f6d111f460) An asset can also be a versioned document with the version state in the metadata field. The version of this document can be updated on a continuous base. Every time there is a new version of the document, it could be reflected in the metadata. For further information refer to our [blog](https://blog.bigchaindb.com/crab-create-retrieve-append-burn-b9f6d111f460).
### An asset as a time series ### An asset as a time series
@ -56,18 +58,19 @@ An asset can also be a state machine where the state is represented in the metad
### An asset as a permission (RBAC) ### An asset as a permission (RBAC)
Assets could also be: roles, users, messages, (and anything which can have multiple instances in a scenario — vehicles, reports, and so on). Find more information on our [blog.](https://blog.bigchaindb.com/role-based-access-control-for-bigchaindb-assets-b7cada491997) Assets could also be: roles, users, messages, (and anything which can have multiple instances in a scenario — vehicles, reports, and so on). Find more information on our [blog](https://blog.bigchaindb.com/role-based-access-control-for-bigchaindb-assets-b7cada491997).
As you can see, there are almost no limits with respect to what an asset can represent. As you can see, there are almost no limits with respect to what an asset can represent.
# Input # Input
Conceptually, an input is a pointer to an output of a previous transaction. It specifies to whom an asset belonged before and it provides a proof that the conditions required to transfer the ownership of that asset (e.g. a person needs to sign) are fulfilled. In a create transaction, there is no previous owner, so an input in a create transaction simply specifies, who the person is that is registering the object (this can, but must not be the person, to whom the object will belong afterwards). In a transfer transaction, an input contains a proof that the user is authorized to "spend" (transfer or update) this particular output. In practical terms, this means that with the input, a user is stating which asset (e.g. the bike) should be transferred and he is demonstrating that he or she is authorized to do the transfer of that asset. Learn more about the structure of inputs in our [input model.](https://docs.bigchaindb.com/projects/server/en/latest/data-models/inputs-outputs.html#inputs) Conceptually, an input is a pointer to an output of a previous transaction. It specifies to whom an asset belonged before and it provides a proof that the conditions required to transfer the ownership of that asset (e.g. a person needs to sign) are fulfilled. In a create transaction, there is no previous owner, so an input in a create transaction simply specifies, who the person is that is registering the object (this can, but must not be the person, to whom the object will belong afterwards). In a transfer transaction, an input contains a proof that the user is authorized to "spend" (transfer or update) this particular output. In practical terms, this means that with the input, a user is stating which asset (e.g. the bike) should be transferred and he is demonstrating that he or she is authorized to do the transfer of that asset. Learn more about the structure of inputs in our [input model](https://docs.bigchaindb.com/projects/server/en/latest/data-models/inputs-outputs.html#inputs).
# Output # Output
A transaction output specifies the conditions that need to be fulfilled to acquire ownership of a specific asset. For instance: to transfer a bicycle, a person needs to sign the transaction with her private key. This also implicitly contains the information that the public key associated with that private key is the current owner of the asset. Learn more about the data model of outputs in our [output model.](https://docs.bigchaindb.com/projects/server/en/latest/data-models/inputs-outputs.html#outputs) A transaction output specifies the conditions that need to be fulfilled to acquire ownership of a specific asset. For instance: to transfer a bicycle, a person needs to sign the transaction with her private key. This also implicitly contains the information that the public key associated with that private key is the current owner of the asset. Learn more about the data model of outputs in our [output model](https://docs.bigchaindb.com/projects/server/en/latest/data-models/inputs-outputs.html#outputs).
Note that a transaction can also have multiple outputs. These are called divisible assets. To learn more about divisible assets, complete our [tutorial.](../tutorial-token-launch/) The output can also contain complex conditions (e.g. multiple signatures of multiple people) to acquire ownership. Learn more about that in the data model for [cryptoconditions.]( https://docs.bigchaindb.com/projects/server/en/latest/data-models/conditions.html)
Note that a transaction can also have multiple outputs. These are called divisible assets. To learn more about divisible assets, complete our [tutorial.](../tutorial-token-launch/) The output can also contain complex conditions (e.g. multiple signatures of multiple people) to acquire ownership. Learn more about that in the data model for [cryptoconditions]( https://docs.bigchaindb.com/projects/server/en/latest/data-models/conditions.html).
# Metadata # Metadata