211 lines
18 KiB
ReStructuredText
211 lines
18 KiB
ReStructuredText
Architecture of a BigchainDB Node
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==================================
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A BigchainDB Production deployment is hosted on a Kubernetes cluster and includes:
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* NGINX, OpenResty, BigchainDB, MongoDB and Tendermint
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`Kubernetes Services <https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/>`_.
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* NGINX, OpenResty, BigchainDB and MongoDB Monitoring Agent.
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`Kubernetes Deployments <https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/>`_.
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* MongoDB and Tendermint `Kubernetes StatefulSet <https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/>`_.
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* Third party services like `3scale <https://3scale.net>`_,
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`MongoDB Cloud Manager <https://cloud.mongodb.com>`_ and the
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`Azure Operations Management Suite
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<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/operations-management-suite/>`_.
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.. _bigchaindb-node:
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BigchainDB Node
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---------------
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.. aafig::
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:aspect: 60
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:scale: 100
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:background: #rgb
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:proportional:
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+ +
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+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| "BigchainDB API" | | "Tendermint P2P" |
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| | | "Communication/" |
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| | | "Public Key Exchange" |
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| v v |
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| +------------------+ |
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| |"NGINX Service" | |
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| +-------+----------+ |
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| +------------------+ |
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| | "NGINX" | |
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| | "Deployment" | |
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| +-------+----------+ |
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| v |
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| "443" +----------+ "26656/9986" |
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| | "Rate" | |
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| +---------------------------+"Limiting"+-----------------------+ |
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| | | "Logic" | | |
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| | +----+-----+ | |
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| | "27017" | | |
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| v | v |
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| +-------------+ | +------------+ |
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| |"HTTPS" | | +------------------> |"Tendermint"| |
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| |"Termination"| | | "9986" |"Service" | "26656" |
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| | | | | +-------+ | <----+ |
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| +-----+-------+ | | | +------------+ | |
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| | | | v v |
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| | | | +------------+ +------------+ |
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| | | | |"NGINX" | |"Tendermint"| |
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| | | | |"Deployment"| |"Stateful" | |
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| | | | |"Pub-Key-Ex"| |"Set" | |
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| ^ | | +------------+ +------------+ |
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| +-----+-------+ | | |
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| "POST" |"Analyze" | "GET" | | |
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| |"Request" | | | |
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| +-----------+ +--------+ | | |
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| | +-------------+ | | | |
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| | | | | "Bi+directional, communication between" |
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| | | | | "BigchainDB(APP) and Tendermint" |
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| | | | | "BFT consensus Engine" |
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| v v | | |
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| +-------------+ +--------------+ +----+-------------------> +--------------+ |
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| | "OpenResty" | | "BigchainDB" | | | "MongoDB" | |
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| | "Service" | | "Service" | | | "Service" | |
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| | | +----->| | | +-------> | | |
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| +------+------+ | +------+-------+ | | +------+-------+ |
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| v | v | | v |
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| +-------------+ | +-------------+ | | +----------+ |
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| | | | | | <------------+ | |"MongoDB" | |
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| |"OpenResty" | | | "BigchainDB"| | |"Stateful"| |
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| |"Deployment" | | | "Deployment"| | |"Set" | |
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| | | | | | | +-----+----+ |
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| | | | | +---------------------------+ | |
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| +-----+-------+ | +-------------+ | |
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| v | | |
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| +-----------+ | v |
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| | "Auth" | | +------------+ |
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| | "Logic" |----------+ |"MongoDB" | |
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| | | |"Monitoring"| |
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| | | |"Agent" | |
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| +---+-------+ +-----+------+ |
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+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
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v v
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+------------------------------------+ +------------------------------------+
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| "3Scale" | | "MongoDB Cloud" |
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+------------------------------------+ +------------------------------------+
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.. note::
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The arrows in the diagram represent the client-server communication. For
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example, A-->B implies that A initiates the connection to B.
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It does not represent the flow of data; the communication channel is always
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fully duplex.
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NGINX: Entrypoint and Gateway
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-----------------------------
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We use an NGINX as HTTP proxy on port 443 (configurable) at the cloud
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entrypoint for:
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#. Rate Limiting: We configure NGINX to allow only a certain number of requests
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(configurable) which prevents DoS attacks.
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#. HTTPS Termination: The HTTPS connection does not carry through all the way
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to BigchainDB and terminates at NGINX for now.
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#. Request Routing: For HTTPS connections on port 443 (or the configured BigchainDB public api port),
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the connection is proxied to:
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#. OpenResty Service if it is a POST request.
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#. BigchainDB Service if it is a GET request.
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We use an NGINX TCP proxy on port 27017 (configurable) at the cloud
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entrypoint for:
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#. Rate Limiting: We configure NGINX to allow only a certain number of requests
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(configurable) which prevents DoS attacks.
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#. Request Routing: For connections on port 27017 (or the configured MongoDB
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public api port), the connection is proxied to the MongoDB Service.
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OpenResty: API Management, Authentication and Authorization
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-----------------------------------------------------------
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We use `OpenResty <https://openresty.org/>`_ to perform authorization checks
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with 3scale using the ``app_id`` and ``app_key`` headers in the HTTP request.
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OpenResty is NGINX plus a bunch of other
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`components <https://openresty.org/en/components.html>`_. We primarily depend
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on the LuaJIT compiler to execute the functions to authenticate the ``app_id``
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and ``app_key`` with the 3scale backend.
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MongoDB: Standalone
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-------------------
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We use MongoDB as the backend database for BigchainDB.
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We achieve security by avoiding DoS attacks at the NGINX proxy layer and by
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ensuring that MongoDB has TLS enabled for all its connections.
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Tendermint: BFT consensus engine
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--------------------------------
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We use Tendermint as the backend consensus engine for BFT replication of BigchainDB.
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In a multi-node deployment, Tendermint nodes/peers communicate with each other via
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the public ports exposed by the NGINX gateway.
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We use port **9986** (configurable) to allow tendermint nodes to access the public keys
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of the peers and port **26656** (configurable) for the rest of the communications between
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the peers.
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